Understanding Ecological Succession

Ecological succession is the progressive change, in an ecosystem, of species composition over time. With the change in species composition comes a series of modifications in community structure and function. A classic example of succession involves the series of changes observed in an abandoned field in what is normally a forested area. Once the field is no longer grazed or mowed, the seeds of shrubs and trees will sprout and rapidly start growing. Before long, shrubs and tree saplings will be the dominant vegetation form. The tree species will then grow to the point of shading out the shrubs, eventually forming a complete canopy. The species composition in that young forest will continue to turn over until it is dominated by a stable, self-maintaining group of species called a climax community. Primary vs. Secondary Succession Ecological succession where there was no vegetation prior is called primary succession. We can observe primary succession on bulldozed sites, after an intense fire, or following a volcanic eruption, for example. The first plant species to show up have the ability to very quickly colonize and grow in these bare areas. Depending on the region, these pioneer species can be grasses, broadleaf plantain, Queen Anne’s lace, or trees like aspen, alder, or black locust. The pioneers set up the stage for the next phase of succession, improving soil chemistry and adding organic matter which provides nutrients, better soil structure, and greater water-holding capacity. Secondary succession occurs when a new set of organisms appears where there was an ecological set-back (for example a clear-cut logging operation) but where a cover of living plants was left behind. The abandoned agricultural field described above is a perfect example of secondary succession. Common plants during this stage are raspberries, asters, goldenrods, cherry trees, and paper birch. Climax Communities and Disturbance The last stage of succession is the climax community. In a forest, climax species are those that can grow in the shade of taller  trees – hence the name shade-tolerant species. The composition of climax communities varies geographically. In parts of the eastern United States, a climax forest will be made of sugar maples, eastern hemlock, and American beech. In Washington State’s Olympic National Park, the climax community may be dominated by western hemlock, Pacific silver fir, and western redcedar. A common misconception is that climax communities are permanent and frozen in time. In reality, the oldest trees eventually die and are replaced by other trees waiting under the canopy. This makes climax canopy part of a dynamic equilibrium, always changing but overall looking the same. Significant changes will occasionally be brought about by disturbances. Disturbances can be wind damage from a hurricane, a wildfire, an insect attack, or even logging. The type, size, and frequency of disturbances vary by region – some coastal, wet locations experience fires on average once every few thousand years, while eastern boreal forests may be subject to spruce budworm kills every few decades. These disturbances knock back the community into an earlier successional stage, restarting the process of ecological succession. The Value of Late Successional Habitat The dark shade and tall canopies of climax forests provide shelter for a number of specialized birds, mammals, and other organisms. The cerulean warbler, wood thrush, and red-cockaded woodpecker  are dwellers of old forests. The threatened spotted owl and Humboldt fisher both require large stands of late successional redwood and Douglas-fir forests. Many small flowering plants and ferns rely on the shady forest floor beneath old trees. The Value of Early Successional Habitat There is also considerable value in early successional habitat. These shrubland and young forests rely on recurring disturbances that set succession back. Unfortunately, in many places, these disturbances often turn forests into housing developments and other land uses that short-cut the ecological succession process. As a result, shrublands and young forests can become quite rare on the landscape. Many birds rely on early successional habitats, including the brown thrasher, golden-winged warbler, and prairie warbler. There are also mammals that need shrubby habitat, perhaps most notably the New England cottontail.

Cesar Chavez Rhetorical Analysis - 1248 Words

Mexican-Americans and the Church: Rhetorical Analysis of Cesar Chavez Speech About 85% of churches are not fully active with their community. Statics have gotten higher throughout the years, about 40 years ago Mexicans were being treated unfairly due to poor working conditions. This unbarring situation led a fellow leader, Cesar Chavez to step up and build a firm foundation to lead his organization to success. He was the leader of the Mexican-American Community in Delano, Ca. Cesar went through a spiritual fasting, in which he did not eat due to the hazardous chemicals in field fruit. Chavez was a Catholic and used his morals for a nonviolent protest to better working conditions for field workers. Chavez had many helpers from different†¦show more content†¦He stated this matter at the Second Annual Conference in Sacramento, Ca. After his speech he gained over 6,000 people to join his fast. He could have not accomplished that without the help of an organization called Califor nia Migrant Ministry. This organization is a protestant group who helped Chavez succeed. Because their relationship grew, the ministry was right by Cesars side during the strikes. He later on explains how supportive the ministry was, â€Å" When 30 of the strikers were arrested for shouting Huelga, 11 ministers went to jail with them.† (Chavez). Although it might not be obvious, Chavez wanted the church to feel betrayed as well. He wanted them to begin to question why CMM was with them. Chavez also knew the Mexican-American Community was listening so he gives them facts about the Ministry, how supportive they are. As a result, Chavez’ purpose is to influence, the church to be open to change. The Mexican-American Organization, happily opened their arms to the California Migrant Ministry and it lead to an amazing outcome. Chavez wanted the church to adapt to society, he states, â€Å"We ask the church to sacrifice with the people for social change, for justice, and for love of brother. We dont ask for words. We ask for deeds. We dont ask for paternalism.† (Chavez). Chavez gets to the point of what him and the Mexican-American Community want. This is the purpose of the speech, the justification of what he expects from them. They dont need anything elseShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Cesar Chavez1082 Words   |  5 Pagesmigrant farm workers in America, a man named Cesar Chavez spoke out and instantly became a leader to these once defenseless people. Chavez devoted his life to improve conditions for farm workers, he began protests for better pay and conditions they went on â€Å"huelga† which means strike. Chavez united these farm workers and helped make their voices heard, creating a union to fight for their cause and the union was named the United Farm Workers Union. Chavez did not believe in violence so all of his protestsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Cesar Chavez s Article1915 Words   |  8 Pages It’s hard to im agine that just ten short months ago I was sitting in a classroom building a spaghetti tower with no idea what a rhetorical analysis essay was or what the word anaphora meant. Now, just a couple of months later, I have read and analyzed six different novels, learned to write an argument, synthesis, and rhetorical analysis essay, expanded my lexicon of literary terms, and sat through a three hour AP exam. This class has not only given me the skills to master the AP exam, but it has

Leadership Style of Bill Gates †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Style of Bill Gates. Answer: Introdcution: Bill Gates is the owner of Microsoft and describing his leadership style it can be accessed that he offers a more of a participative form of leadership. We can also refer the style of leadership as democratic style because it involves the input of values from the employees. Bill Gates believes in this theory and style and seeks for the success of an overall company. It is said that the success of Microsoft is due to the driving force of Bill Gates attitude along with his enthusiasm and hard work. He very well understands the business and the fluctuations that change the business environment and thus, Microsoft have been able to withstand all the difficulties to achieve success. Compared to the leadership style of Bill Gates, Steve Jobs offered a more of autocratic style of leadership. He was the only authoritarian of the company who did not bother to collect any input from his team members. Being the only person in charge he made all the decisions depending on the ideas that he conceives. This might seem to be harsh, but the style has given the great opportunity to Steve Jobs success. His key skill was Innovation and paying great respect and dedication for this innovation; Jobs has been able to make his company the most successful tech of the globe. He focused on the design of the computers that has benefited the company and the customers as well. Jobs prioritize the significance of taking a risk, and he is known as to be one of the biggest risk takers and leader of the world. Steve Jobs is reflective to his perspective and lunch from his mistakes easily. He is adaptable to changes in his self (Hill McShane, 2008). Bill Gates versus Steve Jobs Both the leaders are the enthusiast and much serious about their companies. However, considering the creativity level, Steve was more creative. On the other hand, if we considered the leadership styles would get is more efficient as a leader and management executive then Steve Jobs. He never thought of working alone and tried to develop the company with incorporating ideas of his team. To run an organisation, it will be advisable to use the management style and leadership style of Bill Gates along with the creativity and innovation of Steve Jobs. Both the leaders were great motivators. The team management system offered by Bill Gates was much more efficient than that of Steve Jobs. Bill Gates believes that working with the employees and taking an input of their ideas will lead to the development and success of the company. Whereas, Steve Jobs was many enthusiasts about his Innovation and ideas to develop the computer and operating systems for the customers and gain more popularity. According to the team management offered by Bill Gates, it is witnessed that he prioritises the feedback from his team members. This makes it easy for him to co-operate with the employees and bring out the maximum skills and talent his members are a position. On the other hand, Steve Jobs was less reluctant to hear from his team members, and that gradually led him to witness the downfall of his innovations. However, his talent and innovative ideas influence his team members in a positive way to work for his company. Steve Jobs is also concerned with the development which company. After t he launch of the iMac system, when there was the disruption in his relationship with the company and his partner, he faced great hardship and later on when he returned as an interim CEO of Apple, his ideologies had changed until then. This time he was a good leader who takes input from his team members to think more rationally and develop technical strategies for making Apple the biggest hub of computers (Carpenter, Bauer Erdogan, 2010). If you are in such an organization managing a team with huge expectation and leadership from their manager, identify what style of communication you would use to motivate your team Management and leadership qualities are interrelated with each other. A company which have high expectation from their performance needs a better guide and a management system. For being a good manager, it is necessary to exercise leadership styles properly on the employees of the company. The first and foremost thing to motivate the employees is to communicate with them. To motivate the employees through communication procedures, there are certain techniques which are as follows: Scheduled communication and oriented meetings once a week- arranging for scheduled meeting is necessary for both the management and the employees to communicate with each other. There might not be any valid purpose of the meeting but a platform of open communication. This will lead to hazard free and flexibility of the relationship. Asking questions to the Employees- it is necessary to go for random question answer rounds with the employees. They should be given the scope to speak up and communicate their problems to the management. This will help the management to build a better relationship with them and look for ways to solve their issues. Showing interest and concern for the employees- showing interest in the employee's behaviour and concerns make them feel taken care of, and that motivates them to stay dedicated to their work (Ramasamy, 2009). Offering solution to the Employees issues that frustrates them- for keeping the relationship positive it is important for the management to offer the proper solution to the Employees frustrations. It is not concerned with their personal issues but with the situations that they face within the company. Empathizing with the employees offers a better source of positivity. Keeping Communications positive- it is important to make positive communication with the employees that will influence and motivate them to work for the company. Instead of rebuking them for there for performance, management must give them opportunities and offer rewards for the improvement that make them feel galvanized (Daft, 2009). References Carpenter, M. A., Bauer, T., Erdogan, B. (2010).Principles of management. Daft, R. L. (2009).Principles of management. South-Western, Cengage Learning india Pvt. Limited. Hill, C. W., McShane, S. L. (2008).Principles of management(pp. 404-20). McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Ramasamy, T. (2009).Principles of management. Global Media.

Structural and Electronic Effects Acids and Bases Essay Example

Structural and Electronic Effects Acids and Bases Paper Lewis acid a substance that accepts an electron pair †¢ All BrOnsted-Lowry acids are also Lewis acids, but the reverse is not necessarily true. Any species that is electron deficient and capable of accepting an electron pair is also a Lewis acid. †¢ Common examples of Lewis acids (which are not BrOnstedLowry acids) include BF3 and AlCl3. These compounds contain elements in group 3A of the periodic table that can accept an electron pair because they do not have filled valence shells of electrons. †¢ Lewis base a substance that donates an electron pair 3 4 †¢ In a Lewis acid-base reaction, a Lewis base donates an electron pair to a Lewis acid. †¢ One bond is formed and no bonds are broken.This is illustrated in the reaction of BF3 with H2O. H2O donates an electron pair to BF3 to form a new bond. pKa’s AND ACID STRENGTH pKa An alternative to Ka to describe acid strength. (A concise way to state the strength of an acid. ) electron pair is not removed fr om the Lewis base. Instead, it is donated to an atom of the Lewis acid and one new covalent bond is formed. 5 1 Acid Strength and pKa †¢ Acid strength is the tendency of an acid to donate a proton. †¢ The more readily a compound donates a proton, the stronger an acid it is. †¢ Acidity is measured by an equilibrium constant. When a Bronsted-Lowry acid H—A is dissolved in water, an acid-base reaction occurs, and an equilibrium constant can be written for the reaction. Because the concentration of the solvent H2O is essentially constant, the equation can be rearranged and a new equilibrium constant, called the acidity constant, Ka, can be defined. It is generally more convenient when describing acid strength to use â€Å"pKa† values than Ka values. 7 8 COMPARISON OF pKa and Ka VALUES pKa = log Ka strong acids weak acids pKa -2 0 2 10-2 4 6 10-6 8 10 10-10 12 14 10-14 2 Ka 10 The smaller the value of the pKa the stronger the acid.We will use pKa to describe the strengths of acids. 10 EVALUATION OF ACID STRENGTH Commonly Used Bases in Organic Chemistry Common strong bases used in organic reactions are more varied in structure. HA + H2O H3O+ + A- In water, all acids form hydronium ion, the important factor of difference is the conjugate base. The difference between a strong acid and a weak acid is in the stability of the conjugate base. AA- E N E R G Y 11 WEAK ACID has strong conj. base (=higher energy) STRONG ACID has weak conj. base (=lower energy) HA ionization easier 2 EVALUATION OF ACID STRENGTH The weaker an acid, the stronger is its conjugate base; †¢ The stronger an acid, the weaker is its conjugate base. †¢ HCl is a very strong acid; it gives up its proton readily; its conjugate base, Cl-, has very little affinity for H+. It is a stable CB Factors that Determine Acid Strength †¢ †¢ Anything that stabilizes a conjugate base A:? makes the starting acid H—A more acidic. Four factors affect the acidity of H—A. These are: Element effects Inductive effects Resonance effects Hybridization effects †¢ No matter which factor is discussed, the same procedure is always followed.To compare the acidity of any two acids: o Always draw the conjugate bases. o Determine which conjugate base is more stable. o The more stable the conjugate base, the more acidic the acid. 14 †¢ CH3CO2H is a moderately weak acid; it gives up its proton somewhat reluctantly; its conjugate base, CH3CO2-, is weakly basic and has a modest affinity for H+. CB is relatively unstable 13 Element Effects—Trends in the Periodic Table. Factors that Determine Acid Strength: Across a row of the periodic table, the acidity of H—A increases as the electronegativity of A increases. Acids and BasesFactors that Determine Acid Strength—Inductive Effects †¢ An inductive effect is the pull of electron density through ? bonds caused by electronegativity differ-ences between atoms. †¢ In the example below, when we compare the acidities of ethanol and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, we note that the latter is more acidic than the former. Positive or negative charge is stabilized when it is spread over a larger volume. 15 16 †¢ When electron density is pulled away from the negative charge through ? bonds by very electronegative atoms, it is referred to as an electron withdrawing inductive effect. More electronegative atoms stabilize regions of high electron density by an electron withdrawing inductive effect. †¢ The more electronegative the atom and the closer it is to the site of the negative charge, the greater the effect. †¢ The acidity of H—A increases with the presence of electron withdrawing groups in A. TYPES OF INDUCTIVE EFFECTS ELECTRON WITHDRAWING GROUPS ELECTRON DONATING GROUPS ?Cl ?+ C ?+ CH3 ?C F, Cl, Br, N, O electronegative elements take electron density from cabon 17 R, CH3, B, Si alkyl groups and elements less electronegative than carbon don ate electron density to carbon INDUCTIVE EFFECTS HALOACIDS Chlorine helps to stabilize -CO2by withdrawing electrons Inductive effect in acids and bases O H H C H O C O H F H C H O C O H H3C H C H O C O H ?- ? + C Cl O C O O ?+ ?- ? + CH3-CO2 FCH2-CO2 CH3CH2-CO2CH3, electron donating ?Cl ?+ C ?- No substituent F, electron withdrawing C F makes O-H bond weak, easily broken – more acidic CH3 makes bond stronger, difficult to break – less acidic Strength of acids can also be determined by the stability of A:20 The effect diminishes with distance it carries for about 3 bonds.INDUCTIVE EFFECTS – 1 (EWG) increasing electronegativity INDUCTIVE EFFECTS – 2 (EDG) pKa Values H COOH CH3 CH3CH2 CH3CH2CH2 CH3 COOH COOH COOH pKa Values 3. 13 2. 87 2. 81 2. 66 CH3 COOH Cl CH2 COOH Cl Cl CH Cl Cl C COOH Cl COOH multiple substituents I Br Cl F CH2COOH CH2COOH CH2COOH CH2COOH 4. 75 2. 81 1. 29 0. 65 3. 75 4. 75 4. 87 4. 81 5. 02 CH3CH2CH2 COOH CH2CH2CH2 COOH Cl CH3 CH CH2 Cl CH3CH2 CH COOH Cl COOH 4. 8 4. 5 4. 0 2. 9 distance CH3 C COOH CH3 ELECTRONELECTRON-WITHDRAWING EFFECTS STRENGTHEN ACIDS O (-) R C OC OO (-) O OR S OOConversely †¦.. ELECTRONELECTRON-DONATING EFFECTS WEAKEN ACIDS O (-) R C OC OO (-) OOR S OO Any effect that â€Å"bleeds† electron density away from the negatively-charged end of the conjugate base will stabilize (lower the energy) of the conjugate base and therefore make the acid stronger. Any effect that â€Å"pushes† extra electron density toward the negatively-charged end of the conjugate base will destabilize (increase the energy) of the conjugate base and make the acid weaker. 4 Example 1: Compare the acids of H2O, HOCl and CH3OH Dissociation productsExample 2: Compare the acids of CH3OH, and (CH3)3COH Dissociation products H 2O HOCl CH3OH H OO O- H+ + OHH+ + ClOH+ + CH3O- CH3OH (CH3)3COH CH3 H+ + CH3OH+ + C(CH3)3O- NO EWG or EDG CH3 is EDG, therefore anion is unstable Cl is EWG, therefore anion is more st able Compare stability Compare stability CH3 Cl CH3 O- H3C C CH3 O- Both have EDGs which leads to anion instability 1 x CH3 3 x CH3, ClO gt; OH gt; CH3O most stable to least stable anion HOCl gt; H2O gt; CH3OH acid strengths 25 Therefore (CH3)3CO anion is less stable than CH3O- anion. (CH3)3COH weaker acid 26 5

Textbooks Can Often Prove To Offer Only A Limited Amount Of Informatio

Textbooks can often prove to offer only a limited amount of information. Space and time constraints place the author(s) of these textbooks in a sticky situation. They must get the general concept through without taking up to much space. However, this can sometimes push out relevant material that van help to support the general concept. The chapter suggests that young adult literature can help to make up for this missing piece of the puzzle. Outside literary readings, separate from the text yet connected through a general theme, can be useful in making the concept more palatable, comprehensible, and memorable. As a history teacher, historical fiction can be a major asset in helping me to help the students better understand the content area. It helps the student to appreciate the importance of the content through the eyes of actual human beings. It brings what they have learned in their text down to a humanistic level that they can better understand. By making clear the ideas and themes that directly relate to the textbook, students will be better able to put that information into context.

How to Write a History Term Paper with Pleasure

How to Write a History Term Paper with Pleasure A term paper is one of the most common formats you are going to deal with throughout your academic career in any subject, and history is not an exception. It presupposes a considerable amount of independent research to be carried out by the student, usually spread over a relatively long period – normally one is given an assignment at the beginning of the term and is supposed to hand in the results by its end. Its ubiquity means only one thing – that if you want to succeed in academia you should study how to deal with such tasks. Choosing a Topic for Your Term Paper This is the most difficult and the most important stage of your work, for you select the subject you are going to work with for the next semester. If you don’t want to spend this time researching something boring or desperately looking for relevant information on some obscure topic, you should approach it carefully. First of all, try to select a topic you are genuinely interested in and know a lot about: it will be both much easier in terms of gathering sources and writing and more rewarding as a process. However, it isn’t always possible – in this case it is perfectly okay to ask your teacher or professor for suggestions (sometimes you will be assigned a topic from the get-go and freed from all the agony of choosing) or selecting something that has a considerable body of literature you can use as sources. Once you’ve settled upon the general topic, narrow it down. You should maintain the balance between making the topic too specialized and risking having insufficient info to go by and leaving it too general and vague – in this case, you won’t have an opportunity to sufficiently analyze anything, and the paper will turn out shallow. Now that you’ve decided on what you are going to write about, try to formulate a historical question about your subject matter. It is very important – History is, first and foremost, an objective science that deals with facts, causes, effects and changes. The ethical and moral evaluation of the facts doesn’t belong to its domain, it is a subject of the theology of philosophy. Therefore, a question like â€Å"Was Julius Caesar a morally good man?† is not a historical question, while a question like â€Å"How did the assassination of Julius Caesar influence the history of Western Europe?† is valid. A good rule of a thumb is to look for questions dealing with causes, effects and changes without drawing attention to moral or emotional side of things. Here are some history term paper topics you can use as examples: Primary Reasons for Hitler’s Rise to Power; Rome and Carthage: How the Cultural Aspects of These Two Civilizations Determined the Outcome of The Punic Wars; Mongol Invasion and Its Role in the History of Europe; The Role Of Battle of Varna in Determining the Course of European History; The Reasons for Caribbean Missile Crisis. Preparatory Work Preliminary Research Ideally, you should already have at least a basic understanding of the topic you deal with. If you don’t, get a general source of information on the topic, preferably a recent one. If necessary, make changes to your topic based on the amount of info you’ve found. Preliminary Bibliography While you read and collect basic information, note the sources mentioned in the books and articles you study. Even if you don’t use all of them extensively in your work, the more titles you have in your bibliography, the better. Decide what kind of information you will need for your research and where you can obtain it. If you cannot immediately locate the sources of such data, don’t be afraid to ask. Your professor can recommend you where to begin; then there is always a reference librarian and other people who’ve written on similar topics in the past (or are writing right now). Ask around, be proactive in your search and you will find what you need. Make sure to prepare your questions carefully and be specific in your search – this drastically increases the likelihood of positive outcomes. Full Bibliography Some sources may crop up in the process of writing, sometimes quite unexpectedly, but at this point you should have already defined in what direction you are going to move and what the primary foundations of your paper are going to be. In addition to that, gathering up your bibliography before you start will allow you to further refine your question. You may find out that there is precious little info on the subject you intended to make the centerpiece of your paper and a lot more on a secondary point of interest. In this case, you may want to reorient your paper. If possible, don’t rely on a single source of information on any subject, try to find several sources corroborating each other’s evidence. Main Research After gathering your primary sources, it is time to do most of your research. Don’t get overenthusiastic, though – it is all too easy to get lost in details and keep on reading up on the topic, getting additional books through the bibliographies of the ones you’ve already went through. Usually it is done because you want to put off starting to actually write something. Make sure you set a limit after which you will not continue reading. Once you feel you have enough information, just stop it, and start writing. You will have an opportunity to do extra research later if necessary. Don’t forget to make notes throughout your research. Writing the Paper: History Term Paper Writing Tips from Our Agency Writers Title A term paper is a legitimate research assignment – it is more concerned with the facts than with catchy wording. Therefore, the only thing you should keep in mind when choosing the title is that you should make it as correct and consistent with the paper’s contents as possible. If you find yourself drifting from your original direction later on, return to the title and change it if necessary. Thesis Statement This is a preliminary outline where you define the major argument you are going to make in the paper. Don’t go into too much detail – simply delineate the general area of research, mention the main points and subpoints. Don’t worry if you have to change some of them in the course of work – it is only natural in a research assignment. Body Paragraphs You paper is likely to go through a number of iterations before you can finally submit a finished version. Most often, we talk about three drafts. First, or Rough Draft You start writing the first draft immediately when you have the minimal sufficient amount of information. So far, don’t worry if there are gaps left in your argumentation – simply mark down places that need additional elaboration and return to them later. The important thing, for now, is to start writing and find the framework around which you will build the rest of your paper. The longer you put actual writing off, the more difficult will it be to start. Don’t bother writing an introduction for now – such things are best left until much later when you have a very clear understanding of what your paper is about. For now, concentrate on the â€Å"meat† of your paper. Second Draft After you’ve finished the first draft, you should set it aside for a couple of days – at least if you have time enough for that. This interval will allow you to approach your paper more objectively. You will, most likely, discover a number of flaws: that you don’t offer enough argumentation to support your viewpoint, that your thesis changes in the process of writing, etc. It is normal and reflects your changing perspective on the subject matter – so don’t try to fight it and instead adapt the paper according to how your perception of the topic changes. Write another thesis statement for the paper, taking into account your experience when writing the rough draft. Ask yourself whether the paper structure you’ve adopted is as effective as you thought, whether your argumentation is sufficient, whether your starting idea still holds water. If at this point you find that something is lacking about the paper the way you built it so far, don’t hesitate to make fundamental changes in its structure – it is better to spend extra time and effort now than to get an insufficient grade later. Then write the second draft, correcting mistakes, making sure your arguments flow naturally and logically and there are no gaps in them. This doesn’t, of course, mean that you have to rewrite the paper in its entirety every time – you can achieve much the same effect by rearranging, editing and adding to the original draft. An important point is that you have to use topic sentences at the start of your paragraphs: that is, you should visually separate your arguments into paragraphs or groups of paragraphs and point out the argument you are about to make in the beginning of each such segment. Revision and Editing This can almost be considered the third draft. Although you aren’t supposed to make any drastic changes in your paper at this stage, it can still be considerably altered by the time you finish with it. What you have to do now is mostly ensure your paper both complies with the formal requirements of your educational institution and follows the best practices accepted in academia. Wording Check if you have been using any stylistically unacceptable words, structures or expressions. There shouldn’t be any slang or informal words, contractions and overly emotional expressions. Analyze sentence structures you’ve used and remove or alter poorly phrased ones. Replace passive voice and bulky noun constructions with active voice and verbal constructions where possible, but don’t do it mechanically – sometimes a forced replacement of this kind looks even more forced than the original, so follow your common sense. Remove repetitions. If you use split infinitives, check if they can be replaced (again, if you feel that in a particular case such a structure looks better, don’t go out of your way to eliminate it). Try to make your writing simpler. A 50-word sentence of 8-syllable words where you can do with 10 two-syllable words is a sign not of wit and knowledge but of pomposity and lack of anything important to say. Break up sentences, eliminate unnecessary words, look for shorter and simpler words when possible, avoid trying to look more intelligent than you feel. Logic Check if arguments logically connect with each other, if there are logical transitions between them. Reread the paper critically, asking yourself if each subsequent argument really follows from the preceding one and whether you provide sufficient proof. Spellchecking and proofreading Text processors make this task much easier than in the past, but there are still many opportunities to make mistakes. Here are some things you should check: â€Å"Then† and â€Å"than†; â€Å"Your† and â€Å"you’re†; â€Å"Their†, â€Å"they’re† and â€Å"there†; â€Å"Its† and â€Å"it’s†; â€Å"Assure† and â€Å"ensure†; â€Å"Principle† and â€Å"principal†; â€Å"Lose† and â€Å"Loose†; â€Å"Effect† and â€Å"affect†; â€Å"Weather† and â€Å"whether†. There are many other common mistakes, but these are probably the most ubiquitous. Check their meanings and usage in dictionaries and textbooks if you feel unsure. Formatting You should carefully study the style guide used by your educational institution before starting to write, but some mistakes are unavoidable. Take some time to reread the entire paper with it in front of you and check if you’ve done everything right. Pay special attention to quotations and bibliography. What Our Experts Say About History Term Paper Writing No matter how careful and attentive you are, your paper is your paper, and you are bound to take some things for granted. Another person will provide a completely new view of your work and will help uncover potential problems, so try to find somebody whom you can trust to read the paper attentively enough and provide valuable feedback. Somebody well-versed in history is best, but anybody will do in a pinch – even if they won’t be able to point out the factual mistakes, they still can notice errors in reasoning or structure.

Career Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Career Plan - Essay Example After pursuing this professional interest, I would like to work as an accountant in a medium sized or a large organization. As my dream job, accounting has five possible job specializations and career paths that would enable me to fulfill my professional interest in finance. These career paths include audit accounting, budget analysis, financial accounting, management accounting, and tax accounting. This essay discusses the career planning methodology and the process of developing a successful professional career. 2 DISCUSSION ANALYSIS 2.1 Career Planning Methodology Making a choice on a career is a very challenging undertaking. It entails more that making up one’s mind about what they want to do in life in order to earn a living. It involves selecting a profession in which one is competent in, a profession that one is interested in undertaking, and a profession that will provide one with employment opportunities and career development. As such, the career planning process has four main steps that individuals must consider to ensure that they end up following their professional interest. These steps include self-assessment, exploring and choosing career, planning the course of the career, and taking action through job application. 2.1.1 Self-assessment. ... This assessment provides an individual with a deeper understanding of self before venturing into the process of choosing careers. This is particularly significant in aiding one to choose the career that best fits their personality. 2.1.2 Exploring and choosing a career. Based on the results obtained after self-assessment, this step enables one to choose an occupation that best suits their personality and skills. In this step, one also explores different careers and the opportunities available in each of these careers to identify the ones that interest them the most. After a thorough research of the labor market, one should start eliminating the careers that do not interest them while still looking for more information on the available careers that interest them. This will eventually narrow down to a single career. This step should also take into consideration the subjects that one is studying in school to ensure that they are in line with their career of choice. 2.1.3 Planning the co urse of the career After selecting a career of choice, an individual should use this step to set out different career goals they intend to attain and the time required to attain these goals. This stage also includes the acquisition of the necessary career qualifications. In this stage, it is advisable to ask other professionals in the particular career about the required qualifications and the time required attaining these qualifications. One should also check on job advertisements and the required qualifications cross checking them with personal qualifications to determine whether one is still on the right track. Equally, it is important to check out the responsibilities of professionals in this career. This stage helps one to

Sleep and Dreams Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Sleep and Dreams - Essay Example In the earlier stages of human evolution, man needed sleep at night in order to protect him from predators and to conserve energy to find food and shelter during the day. (Huffman, 2008) Both these theories carry scientific weight. It may be that sleep initially developed as a way to conserve energy and protect humans from predators but with the passage of time evolved to allow for repair and restoration as well. (Huffman, 2008) As far as the biological basis of dreams is concerned the theory about it is called the activation-synthesis hypothesis and it claims that dreams are a by-product of random stimulation of the brain during REM (Random Eye Movement) sleep. It should be noted here that although most dreams occur during REM sleep, some occur during NREM sleep as well. Another theory about dreams is called the housekeeping theory and it claims that dreams help us sift and sort out our everyday experiences and thoughts. This theory helps explain why dreams are important for our psychological well being. (Huffman, 2008) Freud’s believed that dreams are â€Å"the royal road to the unconscious†. His theory about dreams states that dreams serve a purpose of wish fulfillment i.e. they serve to bring to surface the repressed and personally unacceptable desires of the human unconscious in the form of symbols. A gun may, for example, represent a penis etc. Freud believed that the human brain disguises forbidden thoughts as symbols and interpreting them correctly may lead to the cure of mental illnesses. His theory has however been criticized widely and little or no scientific evidence has been found in support. Even Freud once said about his beloved cigars that: â€Å"Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar†. (Huffman, 2008) Although Freud’s theory is not accepted in its current form by modern scientists, they have however, discovered that many of the aspects of dreaming Freud talked about in his theory were accurate. For example: Freud’s claim

Schools of Thought Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Schools of Thought Worksheet Essay General Terms Ecology is the science that studies living beings in relationship with biotic and abiotic environments. (Desjardins) Environmental Justice is being defined as a pursuit to equal justice and equal protection under the law for all statues and regulations without any type of discrimination based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and/ or race. (Rajzer, 1997) Environmental Science is a study on the interaction of living and non-living elements in the surrounding environment with emphasis on the impact of humans and these elements. (College) Ethics consists of the general beliefs, values, attitudes, or standards that guide to a responsible behavior. (Desjardins, Environmental Ethics) Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) are plants, animals, and other living things created through genetic engineering. It means they take the DNA from different species, plants, animals and create cross breading that in normal circumstances wouldn’t occur in nature or in traditional cross breeding. (Green America) Renewable Energy is a source of energy that flows from on-going natural processes such as wind, flowing water, geothermal heat flows, biological processes and most common solar energy. (Science Daily) Sustainability basically creates and helps maintain effective habitats in which people and nature can co-exist in a productive, fulfilling and social economic environment for this and future generations. (EPA) Schools of Thought Anthropocentrism is the philosophical belief that human beings are the central most significant creatures in the world. Biocentrism is the thought that every living creature is of equal value in this grand purpose of nature. Ecocentrism is a perspective view that places essential value on all living organisms and their natural habitat, unmindful of their recognized usefulness or importance to humans. Ecophilosophy is a combination of philosophy and ecology. Hedonism is the pursuit or devotion to pleasure, especially those of the senses. Inherent Value also referred to as intrinsic value to be recognized rather then given. Its value is in itself and not for just its uses. Materialism is a tendency to think and feel as if material objects/possessions are more important then spiritual values. Metaphysical Ecology is a philosophical ecology that has been passed from a concrete scientific conception of ecology in a narrow sense to abstract a philosophical conception of ecology using a philosophical sense of thinking. Minimalism is the act of keeping things or interest very simple. Ethical Extensionism is a disagreement in environmental ethics that good standing should be extended to things such as animals, plants, earth and species that normally are not thought of as having moral standings. Pluralism is a theory that states there is more than one basic principal or substance. Naturalism is the deception of the physical environment mainly the landscape or the rural environment. Pragmatism a philosophical movement or system having numerous forms, but usually underlining consequences as constituting the crucial criteria in determining the meaning, truth or value. Relativism a theory holding that criteria of judgment are relative, fluctuating with individuals and their environments. Utilitarianism an ethical doctrine value that virtue is based on utility and that conduct should be directed toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of people. The local environmental issue I am talking about is renewable energy. The two schools of thought I am going to associate that with is naturalism and materialism. This particular community issue is affecting us in a way our climate changes and how much pollution there is. The rising heat and temperatures we experience here have an affect on our environment. One  article said that our temperature have increased by approximately 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit since the early twentieth century. (Pollution Green Energy) Our sea levels have risen at an accelerating rate of about 3.5 mm/year. (Pollution Green Energy) In order to preserve our natural community I feel we need to start thinking green. Speaking as a minimalist, I am all for going green and help protecting our environment. If we as responsible adults don’t teach our children and grandchildren about pollution and the effects of it how will this world be in another twenty years? I am twenty-seven and I can see how much change m y community has gone through. I remember as a kid walking to my grandmother’s house and looking down seeing nothing but pollution and trash all over the ground. The naturalist are all for keeping a clean and safe environment. Using renewable energy we can go green and start making plants and crops that are better for you and not full of chemicals. They believe that with using energy efficient appliances and even vehicles will in the long run help the community with this major energy problem we have. The materialistic people in my opinion don’t really care about preserving energy and not really care about the gas that pollutes our air. One of the biggest forms of pollution is from non-renewable gasses, which is a major cause for global warming. Ethically speaking the naturalist are trying to help better the community by having state and local leaders imply more sources of renewable energy sources for our use. The materialistic people can and probably will go on what ever is popular at the time. One of the biggest ethical and even materialistic concerns is the amount of money taxpayers, local and state legislatures will have to spend to add more solar paneled farms and streetlights. Ethics has influenced our way of thinking because the pros for renewable energy will do so good for not only our community but for our world as a whole; where as the pros for non-renewable energy benefit the need for having things done in the â€Å"now†. The biggest con for renewable energy is the cost and getting more people to believe that it can and will help our community. At the end of the day sit down and think about which option is better for our community. Should we spend the money to provide more useable renewable energy sources or continue to provide non-renewable energy sources that can harm our community and our future generations to come? (Conserve Energy Future)

Health Impacts of the Modern American Diet

Health Impacts of the Modern American Diet In contrast to the epidemics of infectious diseases in the 18th and 19th centuries, the conventional dietary guidelines Americans have been receiving in the past many years has resulted in an epidemic of another genre, that is Obesity. The magnitude of obesity epidemic surpasses the historical epidemics in terms of causing disease and deaths, and an economic burden on individuals and nations at large. About 25% of American populations use Statins (cholesterol lowering drugs) and more and more consume diet low in fat, but inspite of these steps more American are expected to die of heart disease than ever before. American heart Association statistics estimate that presently 75 million Americans have heart disease; about 20 million suffer from diabetes while another 57 million are prediabetics, at risk of developing diabetes disease later. All these diseases are affecting younger population more, contrary to the myth that chronic diseases only affect old people. In contrast to the epidemics of infectious diseases in the 18th and 19th centuries ,the conventional dietary guidelines Americans have been receiving in the past many years has resulted in an epidemic of another genre ,that is Obesity. The magnitude of obesity epidemic surpasses the historical epidemics in terms of causing disease and deaths, and an economic burden on individuals and nations at large. About 25% of American populations use Statins(cholesterol lowering drugs) and more and more consume diet low in fat, but inspite of these steps more American are expected to die of heart disease than ever before. American heart Association statistics estimate that presently 75 million Americans have heart disease; about 20 million suffer from diabetes while another 57 million are prediabetics, at risk of developing diabetes disease later. All these diseases are affecting younger population more, contrary to the myth that chronic diseases only affect old people. Americans have been thriving on a typical diet full of sugars, carbohydrates and processed foods with omega 6 oils, for the last 60 years. While we are enjoying the sweetness of a baked roll in our mouth, our bodies perceive it as a threat to its well-being like an enemy waging war. How can an innocent looking, delicious sweet roll cause a cascade of inflammation to cause serious disease? When you eat simple carbohydrates like sugar, it causes the blood sugar to rise. In response pancreas secrete a hormone Insulin meant to control the blood sugar level. Insulin drives the extra sugar into cells, but if the cells do not require that sugar they throw extra sugar again into blood, as excessive sugar might impair their function. The body secretes more insulin to deal with the rise in blood sugar as a result of extra sugar rejected by cells. The extra glucose gets converted to stored fats. Let’s talk more about that â€Å"not so innocent† sweet roll. Sugar is not the only culprit contained in it .it is baked in omega6 oils like soybean. The same omega 6 oils are used in chips and fries and present in processed foods to give longer shelf life. These omega 6 oils are essential as they are part of cell membranes ,but they need be in correct balance with omega 3 oils .A faulty balance between the two , due to excessive consumption of omega 6 can cause cell membranes to produce Cytokines ,chemical substances which cause inflammation. The ideal ratio of omega 6 and omega 3 should be 1:1, but up to 3; 1 is acceptable considering the trends in food consumption, but today an average American diet is imbalanced to the range of 15:1 to as high as 30:1 in favor of omega-6.This results in huge amounts of cytokines causing inflammation. To add to the injury caused by high blood sugar, the excess weight that we accumulate as a result of these foods, cause over-burdened fat cells which release chemical substances contributing in causing inflammation. So the journey that starts with savoring a sweet roll trigger the harmful process of inflammation in our body causing heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and Alzheimers disease, There is no choice but to accept that our bodies are not designed by nature to utilize foods rich in sugar and dripping with omega 6 oils. Our continued use of these foods means that inflammatory process in our bodies goes unabated. The solution for curbing this inflammatory process lies in getting closer to nature. Consume foods in their natural form. For carbohydrates choose fruits and vegetables (contain complex carbohydrates), eat proteins to build muscles. Restrict the use of mega 6 oils like corn oil and soybean oil and processed foods containing them. Make healthier choices, one tablespoon of corn oil contains 7,280 mg of omega-6; soybean contains 6,940 mg, instead choose to use olive oil or butter from grass-fed beef. These animal fats contain less than 20% of omega 6, thus much lesser risk for causing inflammation, as opposed to the so called healthier polyunsaturated oils. The myth that saturated fats alone are responsible for heart disease has been drummed into your ears for so long that you believe it as â€Å"science†. It is time for you to leave behind all overstated science of saturated fats raising cholesterol and only saturated fats causing heart disease. In context of the new discovery, that inflammation not cholesterol causes heart disease, the concern about saturated fats no longer remains relevant. The old cholesterol theory led to low fat and no fat dietary recommendations and consumption of foods taking the injurious effects of inflammation to an epidemic proportion. People were wronged by the advice to increase the consumption of omega 6 oils and decreasing the use of saturated fats, leading to injurious cascade of inflammation inside our bodies; it resulted in all-time highest rates for developing heart and other chronic diseases What you can do to Right this wrong? I will emphasize again, go natural. Try to remember the foods your grandmother served on the table and get closer to them instead of processed foods your mother bought from the grocery store. Good news is that by avoiding the inflammatory food and consuming fresh unprocessed food containing essential nutrients, you cannot only halt the process of inflammation inside the body, but you can also turn the wheels of this process backwards and reverse the injurious effects of eating a typical American diet for many years. Animal Proteins; You Should Eat Them for a Healthy Heart Most people think that only health problem associated with eating a vegetarian, also called as vegan diet, is Vitamin B12 deficiency, as its present only in animal sources in its natural form. This is a serious health hazard as research has shown that vitamin B12 deficiency can cause elevated homocysteine levels, which increase the risk for developing heart disease and stroke. But, B12 deficiency is not the only health risk associated with vegan diet. New research is coming up with evidence that diet devoid of all animal foods leads to a low dietary intake of proteins and sulfur amino acids, thus increasing the risk of heart disease in vegetarians. Vegetables are an excellent source of nutrients and have lots of benefits for the heart and overall health. You can eat as much vegetables as you like without any health fear, rather this is what should be aimed by every one for optimal health. The problem arises when you eliminate animal proteins completely from your diets resulting in deficiency of valuable nutrients that can only be obtained from animal sources. According to WHO (World health Organization), 36 million people die each year because of chronic diseases also known a Non communicable diseases. The four major diseases of this group include heart diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, Diabetes and cancers. In the US, in the Year 2013, more than 1,660,290 new cancer cases were projected to be diagnosed and about 580,350 Americans died from the disease. Today, heart disease is the leading Couse of death in America, both in men and women. About 600,000 Americans die of heart disease annually. Modern biomedical science has made leaps of advancement in technology in the last 50 years or so, but western medicine has failed to control the occurrence of these top killer diseases, i.e. cancer and heart disease. Practice over the years has shown that western medicine has developed â€Å"conventional strategies† for dealing these diseases from the diagnosis to treatment .These conventional strategies are based on wrong assumptions and approaches that have proven to be more harmful than beneficial. Moreover, these strategies of modern medicine do not address the root cause of the problem, which is a faulty diet high in Sugars and processed foods. For more than 60 years, saturated fats have been held responsible for causing heart disease. The conventional dietary advice and recommendations for prevention of heart diseases have remained focused on low fat diet, but these faulty recommendations have actually contributed in the epidemic of heart disease and other chronic diseases, we are facing today. Stress on low fat diets has resulted in promulgation of a very dangerous low-fat, high-sugar diet. Actually, an optimum diet that promotes health and prevents diseases should be high in good fats and very low in sugars and carbohydrates from the non-vegetable sources. Research conducted by some of the most prestigious institutions in the US confirms that Sugar is the main dietary factor responsible for development of chronic diseases. This information that sugar especially in form of fructose is the main culprit in causing heart disease and cancers enables you to chalk out a prevention plan for yourself. Health practitioners and naturopaths have been warning against the health risks associated with the high consumption of sugars. Many people stop or decrease the use of sugar in tea or coffee and other sweets or confectionaries, but you have to beware of the Hidden sugar in food products. Hidden sugar is present as ‘High fructose corn syrup’ (HFCS) in almost every processed food item ranging from sodas to yogurts, sauces, and breads. Many staple foods which are grain based like wheat, corn or rice are also eventually converted to the sugar in your body. Thus, the bagels, pan cakes and breakfast cereal are actually increasing the sugar burden in your body. The main culprit among sugars is Fructose. Clinical trials showed that people consuming HFCS were more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases risk factor in a short span of almost two weeks. The brighter side is that studies have also shown that if sugar consumption is restricted ,whatever sugar form it may be ,it significantly decreases the risk for developing both breast and colon cancers. The health benefits of fruits are far more greater than any concerns for fructose damage ,but remember two principles Eat in moderation ,as the newer trend to grow fruits that are very sweet has resulted in very high levels of fructose in fruits as compared to earlier times Eat the whole fruit and refrain from juices, as juice contains only the sugar and vitamins and deficient in the fiber and other nutrients contained in the pulp of fruits. The real cause of concern is the High fructose syrup that is added in almost every processed food or drink that we buy. Healthy diet for maintaining blood glucose and Insulin levels, in conjunction with a comprehensive exercise program are two essential components of a cancer recovery program. These are also essential parts of any cancer prevention strategy. Diet and exercise also play an important role in preventing heart disease. Research studies have shown that exercise can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by a factor of three. In a recent meta-analysis conducted at the Bloomberg institute of Public health, 305 randomized controlled trials were reviewed for comparing the effects of exercise and heart disease medications. The analysis interestingly revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the effects of exercise and heart medicines like statins (cholesterol lowering drugs) and beta blockers. The crux of the matter remains that a â€Å"Healthy life style†, to maintain an adequate weight with healthy eating and regular exercise is the need. A healthy diet and exercise program ensures that insulin and leptin receptor sensitivity is maintained. As mentioned earlier, insulin and leptin resistance, resulting for the excessive consumption of refined sugars and lack of exercise, is the root cause of all chronic diseases Things to be done to reverse insulin and lepton resistance effectively are; Keep away from sugar, processed foods ,processed fructose and grains Consume healthy diet of organic, whole foods Carbohydrates in grains can be replaced with healthier choices like large quantities of vegetables, high quality proteins in low to moderate amounts; ideally form organically raised pastured animals. Forget the faulty recommendation of 10% fats in diet. Consume as much as you like from healthy fats (saturated and monosaturated fats from animal and tropical oil sources).For optimum health people may use up to 50-85% fats in their diet Deep fried food in Traditional Southern Diet makes you prone for developing- STROKE The traditional southern food is famous for the deep fried stuff, but new medical research suggests that consumption of these deep fried food increases the risk for developing Stroke. The results from a research study conducted at University of Alabama at Birmingham were presented at the annual International Stroke Conference in Hawaii. The results showed a massive 41 % percent increase in the risk for developing stroke for people who use the typical southern diet rich in deep fried items regularly, as compared to those who don’t use such food, and the risk was even higher for African-American which was 63 percent How to attain Balance in Omega 6:3 Ratio I would be giving you few tips for avoiding the consumption of foods that would adversely affect the omega 6:3 ratio. 1: Always read the label of the foods and condiments you buy. Almost all processed and prepackaged food contains oils that are rich in omega 6 and thus would adversely affect your Omega 6:3 balance. In the following table you would find oils rich in omega 6, thus need to be avoided and the other alternate choices of fats that are acceptable for maintaining this balance. The paleo diet consumed by our forefathers mainly consisted of lean meats, vegetables, fruits nuts, seeds and very limited amounts of grains, along with a very active lifestyle they maintained their blood sugar levels in the range of 60 to 90 mg /dl. Meanwhile the high carb and sugary diets which are consumed today result in unhealthy spikes in blood sugar levels. The excess blood sugar in our blood causes many health hazards including heart disease, damage to the blood vessels and may trigger yeast over growth resulting in fungal infections

“Dude, Where’s My Country?” Book Review

â€Å"Dude, where is My Country† is a book written by Michael Moore and published by Penguin Books in 2004. In this book, Moore provocatively and boldly discusses several socio-political events in America. He takes on George W. Bush, the Conservative brigade and corporate wheeler dealers in America and offers wide ranging remedies which place the country’s redemption squarely on the shoulders of the liberal forces. The author dissects America’s problems in topics ranging from tax cuts, the Iraqi war, among others and demonstrates the failure of the nation-state to be a direct consequence of conservative ethos. Moore first seeks to debunk what he calls the ‘Big Lie’, that America is inherently and pervasively conservative. He terms this belief as a propagandist fib, perpetuated by the right in order to put down the liberal masses. â€Å"†¦.. So, in the tradition of all propagandists, they lie. They create an opposite truth: AMERICA IS CONSERVATIVE. Then they pound away with that false message so hard and so often that even their political opponents come to believe that it's true,† Moore asserts (Moore, 2003 page 2). To prove that most Americans are indeed liberal, Moore gives facts which demonstrate majority support for the Civil Rights movement, abortion, the Roe vs Wade ruling, the Green movement, gun restrictions, universal healthcare (or socialized medicine as he puts it), community as opposed to jail service for offenders, gay and lesbian rights and unionization. He then wonders why conservatives hold the rein of leadership in the country and proceeds to offer his ten cents worth. Chapter one poses seven seemingly rhetorical questions to Bush. Home of the Whopper† is the heading of Chapter two and it serves as an allegorical forerunner of the issues presented herein. Here, the author discusses the lies told by the Bush administration before narrating a fable featuring his great-granddaughter who seeks to find out from him the state of the world when oil and plastics were available and seeks to understand the reasons behind the failure of planning. In a sense, this chapter indicts the Bush administration for its lax energy policies and seems to suggest a bleak future for America occasioned by these policies. Chapter four is titled â€Å"The United States of Boo† and it takes the form of an essay. In this chapter, Moore demonstrates that death through terrorism is statistically impossible. As he so ably shows, there are other countless and plausible ways through which Americans can die that terrorism threats count for nothing. The ruse by the conservative war makers is a subterfuge meant to take away Americans’ civil liberties. Nowhere is this more succinctly evidenced than in the Patriot’s Act, Moore infers. The next chapter delineates ways in which ordinary Americans can reduce acts of terrorism. In subsequent chapters, Moore launches into an angry offensive tirade against George W. Bush that is laced with acerbic humor. The Bush years are summarized as a failed presidency and various facts adduced to support this claim. The war against Iraq is presented in great detail and used as an example to show Bush’s weak leadership. Similarly, the Enron debacle, the infamous Bush tax cuts and the collapse of other firms are cited as products of failed economic policies. The author lays bare the association between Bush, Osama Bin Laden and Saudi Arabia. He goes on to make staggering claims about alleged business connections between the Bushes and the Saudi Arabia nobles. Contrary to the wishes of FBI and notwithstanding the fact that only four of the 19 hijackers were non-Saudis, the Bush government shielded the Saudi Arabians from investigations while other Arabs in America were apprehended just like the Japanese were during the post world war II interment. Moore dismisses the high approval ratings enjoyed by Bush in 2004 thus: â€Å"the high ratings for Bush are not an endorsement of his policies. Rather, it is the response of a frightened country that has no choice but to back the man charged with protecting them. America has not fallen in love with Bush-it's more like â€Å"love the one you're (stuck) with. † (Moore, page 6). Railing against the â€Å"Christian Coalition†, Moore eloquently makes pitch for a presidency built around persons who live and understand America as it is. In regard to this, he introduces the â€Å"Draft Oprah for President† movement. Oprah, it seems, is the very representation of this people president that America so desperately needs. A clarion call for liberals to redeem their country from the ‘undesired’ hands of the conservatives is sounded. Moore gravely states that Democrats should not be left to â€Å"screw up† the [2004] election and instead details what he calls â€Å"Operation 10-Minute Oil Change† where everybody is called upon to do something for ten minutes daily in an effort to drive out Bush and his oil cronies. While the book is written in an easy to understand language with poignant examples, some hard facts and disturbing and weighty questions that inevitably stir up reflective thought, one cannot help avoid the feeling that it is grossly subjective and devoid of serious discourse. Additionally, ‘Dude, Where is My Country† seems like an unabashed endorsement of General Wesley Clark and the Democrat platoon. I do not agree with Moore because his book is redolent with numerous misrepresentations, falsities and inaccuracies. In page 69, he deliberately misrepresents facts about American’s dealings with Iraq, conveniently trashing the provisions of UN’s food for oil program. He gives a long list of persons supposedly aggrieved with the Patriot Act in page 111. However, according to the sources he has given, the listed persons were never in any way affected by the legislation. In a brazen display of dishonesty, Moore claims that closure of schools in Oregon in 2003 was as a direct result of the Bush tax cuts whereas they were actually due to a new law that decoupled the state’s income tax system from that of the central government. There are many other claims which cannot stand the test. They seem to have been intentionally twisted so that they can prop his claims. Some of his assertions border on the speculative. A good example of this is the unsubstantiated claim that Saudi military acted in cahoots with Bush and the Saudi government to launch them. While some claims are backed by solid fact, many others are not factual and it is precisely this reason that makes it hard to agree with Moore lock, stock and barrel.

The Study of Human Resource Recruiting and Selection

The recruit and selects is human resources management foundation work, it is the enterprise recruits talented person’s main way. This research intends to compare the human resource planning when carrying out recruitment and selection activities within an organization, as well as the issues of managerial shifts. The purpose of this research is to provide the relationship between the recruitment and selection, no matter it is in traditional firms or high technique company. In addition, some related issues will be addressed to analyze the relationship among variables in the viewpoints of strategic human resource. The aspects of recruiting and selection consistent recruiting methods, the recruiting effectiveness, besides it know how, the supporting staff is more appropriate to be sent outbound of he is more accommodating to the environment. Recruitment and Selection Recruitment is the process of seeking and attracting a pool of qualified applicants from which candidates for job vacancies can be selected. And selection is the linking of selection activities to he organisation’s strategic business objectives and culture. At the first of recruits procedure is human resource planning, make a planning of recruitment involve times, jobs and number of people. The second is recruitment, to acquaintance the market, accepts the application. Then is selecting include preliminary interview, interview and other test, after all of these, the company may consider to make a decision about employ and send a message. At last we should make an evaluation about the programmed decision and efficiency. Recruits and selects contains separately in the human resources plan, takes two important components. ? Recruitment In the recruitment industry there are essentially four ways of recruit new employees. First method: utilization of employment agencies. Which serve as a central location for employers and employees to meet. In an employment agency, one application for employment can be considered for numerous positions with various companies. Second method: recruitment websites. Serve as a virtual employment agency and function in essentially the same way. Recruitment websites have a broader range, however, since prospective employers and employees can be located anywhere in the world. Third method: headhunting Involves the active search for exceptionally skilled, talented individuals for professional and executive recruitment. The â€Å"headhunter† travels anywhere that the potential employee benefits package that is difficult to refuse. Fourth method: in-house recruitment Involves the promotion of employees from lower-wage jobs to higher ones within the same company. Also, in-house recruitment may include the posting of bulletins on lunch room bulletin boards, narrowing the job search to current employees or their families and friends. ? Selection Making the wrong hiring choices is costly and time consuming for organizations of all sizes. An effective way for businesses to identify the best candidates for a position is through a structured, job focused interviewing process, where interviewers have effective interviewing skills and understand the legal aspects of employment practices. For example, the strategy of managerial talent the TCL selects. ? Clear about managerial talent’s quality and ability request: Along with TCL enterprise group's growing strong, is getting higher and higher to all levels of managerial talent's quality and ability request. he final goal, is adapts the high strength market competition, the acceleration and the international market trail connection, thus causes the enterprise to advance to the internationalization. The excavation wisdom, the multi-skill, the highly effective outstanding person managerial talent becomes most important. TCL proposed that , to be a qualified administrative personn el should have the following quality: 1. Specialized quality: Does is faces the world, face future superintendent, must have the high ideological awareness, with good occupational ethics. Has the intense historical mission and the sacrificing spirit, approves the enterprise culture highly 2. Policy-making quality: The decision-making materially is to achieve the organization goal, correct analysis, effective action process. Participates in the critical moment decisive function which in the enterprise competes and grows strong 3. Leadership quality: The leadership is one should say that rallies together to achieve the organization goal the behavior. The outstanding leader has the very strong influence and the rallying point. Has the high prestige in the populace. 4. Intelligence quality: The intelligence is refers to the people to know the objective things, and using understanding actual problem ability. To the administrative personnels, the intelligence quality is engaged in the leadership work the precondition. The administrative personnels pay great attention to strengthen the self-development consciousness, improves own intelligence quality. Thus, can better deal with the market competition. 5. Innovation quality: The superintendent is the enterprise innovative activities initiator. Enterprise innovation including mentality innovation, knowledge renewal and so on. The innovation is the modern competition win sharp weapon. Therefore, the modern enterprise policy-makers should have the very strong innovation ability ? Grasps the science efficient path to select managerial talent 1. Democracy recommendation: The democracy recommendation chooses only then the beginning, it indicates the people to the above-mentioned person to be possible the receptivity. In order to manifest chooses only then the objectivity, fairness, integrity. Therefore, the democracy recommendation throughout chooses only then one of essential methods. 2. Achievement inspection: The working ability determination's most practical method is manifests through the achievement. Usually inspects its work thought to be correct or not, the method of work is whether scientific, working efficiency height. This achievement inspection way, becomes the modern human affairs science inspection the new system. Human resource planning. A human resource plan is a systematic process of matching the interests, skills and talents of individual community members with the long-term goals and economic opportunities in the community. Like all activities, creating a human resource plan needs to involve the relevant community sectors, so that their participation and input will lead to strong community support. A very real need to see results makes planning seem wasteful of time, diverting efforts from doing. Impatience with planning is always a challenge. Public expectations may be unrealistic, looking for jobs as an immediate outcome. Careful assessment may turn up more human resource development needs than the projected or existing resources and funding can handle, and this may require excruciating choices. Conclusion Recruitment and selects has two meanings; first, recruitment with selects is the enterprise obtains the human resources the method; second, recruitment with selects means that chooses the most appropriate staff. Realizes the person hillock match, matches personally with the team, matches personally with the organization. How is the employment recruit work quality to the enterprise the influence often long-term, even decisive. Formulate exterior personnel replacement plan goal is has the plan to buy in the personnel to supplement in the future the vacant job. The exterior personnel replacement plan is not only plans simply needs to introduce any personnel, but also to introduce how many personnel. And must coordinate to work out a series of plans to guarantee that can incur to the appropriate human resources. According to the plan step and the content, may divide into again the exterior personnel replacement plan two sub-plans, namely recruits to plan and to select the plan.

The Planning Exercise To Identify Some Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen Essays

The Planning Exercise To Identify Some Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen Essays The Planning Exercise To Identify Some Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen Essay The Planning Exercise To Identify Some Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen Essay In this practical I will try to identify some unknown organic compounds using chemical tests. The compounds tested are known to have three carbon atoms, six or eight hydrogen atoms, one or two oxygen atoms, and no atoms of any other elements. We also need to make sure that the compounds can only be alcohols, carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids or esters. Six different compounds that follow the above criteria are used, and these are propan-1-ol, propan-2-ol, propanal, propanone, propanoic acid, and methyl ethanoate. An aldehyde, propanal, can be identified by first a positive test with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, showing it is a carbonyl compound and nothing else, where the solution would turn yellow, then a positive test with Tollens Reagent, where a silver mirror would be formed, showing that the compound can be oxidise. A ketone, propanone, can be identified by first a positive test with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, showing it is a carbonyl compound and nothing else, where the solution would turn yellow, then a negative test with Tollens Reagent, where no reaction would occur, showing that the compound cannot be oxidised. A carboxylic acid, propanoic acid, can be tested with sodium carbonate, a base, and carbon dioxide would be released, showing that the compound is an acid. This is a valid proof of a carboxylic acid in this group of compounds, as propanoic acid is the only acid. A primary alcohol, propan-1-ol, can be identified by first a negative test with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, showing it is not a carbonyl compound, then a positive test with acidified potassium dichromate, where the solution turns green. The solution is distilled from the acidified potassium dichromate, and then is tested positively with universal indicator paper, which turns red, showing the presence of acid. A secondary alcohol, propan-2-ol, can be identified by first a negative test with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, showing it is not a carbonyl compound, then a positive test with acidified potassium dichromate, where the solution turns green. The solution is distilled from the acidified potassium dichromate, and then is tested negatively with universal indicator paper, which dont change colour, showing the absence of acid, and thus can only be a ketone, meaning the original compound is a secondary alcohol. An ester, methyl ethanoate, can be identified by first a negative test with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, showing it is not a carbonyl compound, then a negative test with acidified potassium dichromate, where the solution do not change colour, showing it can not be oxidised, as it can only be propanoic acid or methyl ethanoate, then a negative test with sodium carbonate in which no gas is produced, shows that it is methyl ethanoate. Apparatus 1 test tube rack, 7 test tubes, 1 pipette, 1 distilling column, 1 beaker, 1 small conical flask, 1 Bunsen burner, 6 unknown organic solutions, 1 safety spectacles, 1 heat proof mat, 1 gauze, 1 tripod, solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, universal indicator paper, solution of Tollens Reagent, solution of acidified potassium dichromate, solution of sodium carbonate. Method Do the following sequence of tests for all the unknown solutions: -Add 1cm3 of the unknown solution into a test tube, add 3 drops of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, heat in boiling water bath, record the colour change. -Add 1cm3 of the unknown solution into a test tube, add 3 drops of Tollens Reagent, warm in hot water bath, observe the presence of silver mirror. -Add 20cm3 of the unknown solution into a small conical flask, add 1cm3 of acidified potassium dichromate into the solution, heat the solution for 5 minutes and observe the colour change. Distill the solution in the conical flask, and test the distilled solution with universal indicator paper. -Add 1cm3 of the unknown solution into a test tube, add 1cm3 of sodium carbonate into the solution, heat the test tube in a water bath, observe the presence of gas produced. Analysis of observations obtained Test Unknown organic compound 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Tollens Reagent Potassium dichromate Sodium carbonate Solution turns yellow Silver mirror Solution turns green, makes universal indicator paper red No reaction Propanal Solution turns yellow No reaction No reaction No reaction Propanone No reaction No reaction No reaction Gas is produced Propanoic acid No reaction Silver mirror Solution turns green, makes universal indicator paper red No reaction Propan-1-ol No reaction Silver mirror Solution turns green, universal indicator paper turns green No reaction Propan-2-ol No reaction No reaction No reaction No reaction Methyl ethanoate Safety precautions and risk assessments Some of the chemicals used are irritant if not corrosive, therefore safety spectacles must be worn at all time during the practical investigation. At no point of the experiment should the person be sitting down, this is because hot water and fire is being used, and being sated would make escape slower. As all of the organic compounds used are extremely flammable, do not let the compounds near naked flame, and be very careful during heating, must use a hot water bath as a medium for heating. Bibliography -Cambridge Advance Science Chemistry 2, p25 for the reactions for 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. -Heinemann Revise A2 Chemistry, p9 for the reactions for Tollens Reagent. -Heinemann Revise AS Chemistry, p56 for the reactions for alcohols.

Free Essays on Sexuality In Bran Stokers Dracula

Sexuality in Bram Stoker’s Dracula An extremely strong sense of sexuality serves as the driving force behind Bram Stoker’s novel, Dracula. This theme is not a directly stated theme in the novel, but it can easily be implied by the reader. Before I read the novel, I never thought of it being so â€Å"sexy†, but as reflect on my reading now, Dracula was definitely one of the â€Å"sexiest† novels ever written. Before reading Dracula I thought I had a pretty good picture of how a vampire really appeared physically: a man, older aged, pale skin, black hair, fangs, and dressed in all black. I honestly thought that the vampire’s act of â€Å"blood sucking† was just that, but looking back on my reading of the novel, I realize that it was a very sexual act indeed. The sexuality of the text nearly jumped off the page and hit me right in the face, so to speak. There are several examples of somewhat graphic sexuality present throughout the course of Dracula. The vampire’s sexual nature comes out initially during Jonathan Harker’s encounter with the three female vampires residing in Dracula’s castle. Harker confronted them as extremely appealing objects but who held an element of danger. Harker noted, â€Å"I felt in my heart a wicked, burning desire that they would kiss me with their red lips (Ch.3).† Stoker went on to describe the three women as sensual predators and their bite as a kiss. One of the women anticipated the object of their desire [Jonathan Harker], â€Å"He is young and strong; there are kisses for us all.† As they approached, Harker waited in delightful anticipation, much like a new husband waiting on his bride on their wedding night. This encounter between Jonathan Harker and the three women vampires was very sexual in nature. After this, the attention in the novel is transferred to Lucy Westenra and Mina Murray. Lucy is the object of the attention of three male characters in the novel: Quincy Morris, John Seward, a... Free Essays on Sexuality In Bran Stoker's Dracula Free Essays on Sexuality In Bran Stoker's Dracula Sexuality in Bram Stoker’s Dracula An extremely strong sense of sexuality serves as the driving force behind Bram Stoker’s novel, Dracula. This theme is not a directly stated theme in the novel, but it can easily be implied by the reader. Before I read the novel, I never thought of it being so â€Å"sexy†, but as reflect on my reading now, Dracula was definitely one of the â€Å"sexiest† novels ever written. Before reading Dracula I thought I had a pretty good picture of how a vampire really appeared physically: a man, older aged, pale skin, black hair, fangs, and dressed in all black. I honestly thought that the vampire’s act of â€Å"blood sucking† was just that, but looking back on my reading of the novel, I realize that it was a very sexual act indeed. The sexuality of the text nearly jumped off the page and hit me right in the face, so to speak. There are several examples of somewhat graphic sexuality present throughout the course of Dracula. The vampire’s sexual nature comes out initially during Jonathan Harker’s encounter with the three female vampires residing in Dracula’s castle. Harker confronted them as extremely appealing objects but who held an element of danger. Harker noted, â€Å"I felt in my heart a wicked, burning desire that they would kiss me with their red lips (Ch.3).† Stoker went on to describe the three women as sensual predators and their bite as a kiss. One of the women anticipated the object of their desire [Jonathan Harker], â€Å"He is young and strong; there are kisses for us all.† As they approached, Harker waited in delightful anticipation, much like a new husband waiting on his bride on their wedding night. This encounter between Jonathan Harker and the three women vampires was very sexual in nature. After this, the attention in the novel is transferred to Lucy Westenra and Mina Murray. Lucy is the object of the attention of three male characters in the novel: Quincy Morris, John Seward, a...

The Challenges for Inclusive Education in China Essay

The Challenges for Inclusive Education in China - Essay Example Poor human resource management in the form of teachers lacking necessary qualifications and motivation and absence of required teamwork all contribute to halfhearted attempts at inclusive education. Administrative Challenges Malinen (2013) shows some interesting trends with regard to inclusive education in China. For instance, Malinen (2013, p. 6) reveals that almost 60% of Chinese children with disabilities already study in mainstream schools. However, this optimistic figure is based on a disability assessment system that is based on functional disability such as visual, hearing, language, intellectual, physical and mental disability. On the other hand, the WHO categorizes disabilities along cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and participation domains. Thus, the performance of inclusive education in China appears deceptively positive. Some legal and social challenges include the difficulty of children of economic migrants to large cities getting admitted to schools in the cities. The large classroom sizes, rote learning and an assessment system based on competition rather than teamwork also make it difficult to implement inclusive education. Malinen (2013) also notes that teachers spend little time in planning lessons for inclusive classrooms. The UNESCO (2003) report also reflects similar views such as the inadequacy of the curriculum to meet the diverse learning needs of inclusive classrooms. Inclusive schools are often inaccessible to scattered populations which also pose a strong challenge. Chen (n.a.) also notes the problem of large classrooms for inclusive teaching to take place. The dearth of effective teaching aids further complicates the situation for teachers, who are inadequately trained at times. Poor school management... This paper approves that a conceptual paper on inclusive education by UNESCO validates the findings of Zhu and Wang by identifying some of the same barriers to inclusive education. The report highlights the challenge posed by socio-economic factors such as inadequate educational facilities and inequalities bred into the educational system. Poor human resource management in the form of teachers lacking necessary qualifications and motivation and absence of required teamwork all contribute to halfhearted attempts at inclusive education. This paper makes a conclusion that the main challenges to inclusive education in China are administrative and cultural. School administrations are struggling to equip inclusive schools with well-trained teachers while parents of children with special learning needs need to appreciate the importance of inclusive education. Resources need to be invested in teacher training, curriculum development and making inclusive schools accessible to the target populations. The current curriculum and teaching methodologies are inadequate for meeting the learning needs of students. The Chinese government seems to be making inclusive education a major priority; however, cooperation from local governments is also essential for these efforts to be effective. Moreover, once general consciousness that inclusive education is beneficial for the whole society is raised, the prospects for inclusive education in China are likely to become much brighter.

Business Professionals' Perceptions of the Future of Business Tourism Dissertation

Business Professionals' Perceptions of the Future of Business Tourism in Abu Dhabi - Dissertation Example Following this conceptualization, nations have begun to enact policies and programs that have been termed as â€Å"green† for being environmentally-conscious and eco-system-centered (Pearce, Markandya and Barbier, 1989). Probably the best course of action undertaken by the nation-states is the implementation of economic policies highlighting the tourist appeal of their homeland (Department of Economics and Social Affairs – Commission on Sustainable Development, 1999). The apparent and contemporary importance given to tourism as an economic advantage has been accentuated to by the ratification of policies and legislative enactments promoting place-specific recognition and environmental conservation strategies (Brohman, 1996). Reid and Schwab (2006) stated that the concept of sustainable development is currently being upheld by countries around the word as a means to integrate current economic, social and political policies. The said report has been mainly deduced from th e ten-year collaborative study conducted by the University of Arkansas and Yarmouk University in Jordan which centered on the feasibility and viability of undertaking a tourism-centered economic revolution in Jordan. With this in mind, it then becomes likely to consider similar policies in nations belonging to the Middle East Asian region. What then could come from the enactment of policies capitalizing on the natural wonders of Middle East nations such as Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Yemen, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates? What could result from the change of economic concentration from oil drilling and exploration towards tourism? This research paper will serve as... This research is fundamentally about the presentation of proof evidencing the viability of business tourism in the city of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. To note, such evidence shall be, in large part, taken from the learned information provided for by business professionals deemed by the researcher as the most suitable and knowledgeable individuals on the field. Furthermore, this study will likewise provide a discussion on a variety of aspects related to the development of business tourism in Abu Dhabi. Additionally, this thesis will be covering the background principles and concepts in detail, review the relevant contents of the related literature, describe the methodology required for the research, collect the required data for findings, analyze the data with the help of manual and statistical tools, and build the conclusions and recommendation in separate chapters. The scope of study of this research ranges from the key aspects of the development of business tourism in Ab u Dhabi, its major drivers, its advantages and benefits for the economy, down to the social determinants constituted by public opinion and perspective of business professionals related to it. The research will provide an in-depth comparison of the trends appurtenant to the different countries that have undertaken to implement tourism-centered policies so as to present the idiosyncratic factors attributable to Abu Dhabi alone.

Organisational leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organisational leadership - Essay Example This paper will discuss the different responsibilities of CEO’s and will seek to establish whether the CEO is influential in rallying organizational culture. The chief executive officer is the overall leader in an organization, and he is required to report to the board of governors. The CEO acts according to the will of the board of governors, and he implements their decisions and strategies. Since the CEO cannot manage the organization on a solo basis, he/she appoints other managers to whom he/she delegates roles and responsibilities (Hajdini, 2010, p. 39). The number and roles of subsequent managers depend on the organizational structure. The CEO is required to understand the goals of the organization and come up with ways of achieving the set goals. The CEO takes actions in place of the board of governors and he/she represents them in the daily operation of the business. The CEO is required to implement the decisions made by the board (Gitlow, 2004, p.87). He/she governs the organization on behalf of the board and therefore all decisions and strategies must be in line with what the board has decided. The CEO is entrusted with the responsibility of creating philosophies in the organization (Hajdini, 2010, p. 22). The philosophies created should be mission oriented and should favor the employees and the management. Most CEO’s have better academic qualification that members of the board and are the responsibility of designing strategies to accomplish the organizational goals. The CEO is the liaison between the board and the employees and therefore he/she ensures that the two groups linkup well. He/she acts as the link tool through communication between the two groups. The CEO understands the organization better than the board and hence is trusted on advising and informing them. The CEO oversees all the departments and liaises with the department heads to ensure that each

Crash Human Nature Essay Example for Free

Crash Human Nature Essay * Human nature is The general psychological characteristics, feelings, and behavioural traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all humans. * Crash directed by Paul Haggis presents to us an intertwining story set within the streets of LA, confirming and challenging racial stereotypes and at the same time reflecting the ever existing good and dark side of human nature. * Human nature drives us all to view â€Å"the other† as bad, evil and untrustworthy, it is complex and every man, despite differences holds the underlying values buried deep into our subconsciousness * In the film crash, Haggis has successfully portrayed the truth about human nature through the conventions of dialogue, camera shot and symbolism, confusing us as viewers, but also giving us an intruging insight into the reality of each and every one of us despite differences in race and background. * Haggis has successfully evoked feelings of uneasiness, confusion, anger and empathy at through the making of the film crash. * Human nature drives us to fear the unknown, the â€Å"other† in our eyes is seen as evil and that we should steer away from any communication. It may be in relation to race, ethnicity, age, gender or beliefs but in reality each one of us does not have the ability to fight this automatic discrimination against those who are different. * Haggis has successfully reflected this dark aspect of human nature through the convention of dialogue. * In one scene a Persian man is attempting to purchase a gun from a white American. The salesman calls the man â€Å"osama† and then continues to talk about 9/11, he then is aggressively told to leave the shop. * The white American man displays his fear of â€Å"the other† by racially discriminating him through his dialogue, he has his own racist, stereotypical image of this man in his mind automatically relating him to 9/11 and due to his human nature sees him as â€Å"the other† and as untrustworthy to be in his shop telling him he â€Å"has no right to buy a gun here† * In another scene a Hispanic locksmith is changing a white American couples locks on their door after their car had been hijacked. The American woman makes assumptions that this locksmith is going to sell their key to his â€Å"homies† purely because of the way he looks and his race and demands to get her locks changed again in the morning. * The American woman views the locksmith as â€Å"the other† and due to her human nature she fears him, and does not trust him to be in her house. Her judgement is not on personality or individual traits it is based upon the automatic assumptions she makes about him due to his tattoos, dress sense and skin colour. Little does she know that the Hispanic locksmith was in many eyes the only character in crash seen as completely innocent, but due to her ignorance she believed the opposite. * Through dialogue Haggis has successfully positioned the viewer to feel anger at both of these scenarios and causes us to question our own human nature and our own classification of â€Å"the other†. We are positioned to feel guilt as we feel partly responsible for these racial stereotypes as we too, through our human nature, instinctively stick to our own. * Human nature is complex, values at polar opposites could exsist in the same man, particular beliefs could be compromised and in reality no one can ever truly understand the extent of complexities embedded within each person. * Racsim and nobility can exsist in the same man. Haggis has successfully portrayed this idea of human nature through the narrative conventions of camera shot and dialogue. * In one scene a cop pulls over a black couple, he abuses his power and shows extreme racism seen through the convention of low camera angle while he molests her. * In another scene the same cop shows nobility while is seen rescuing the same black woman he molested, he ironically says things to her such as â€Å"im not going to hurt you† * The camera angle in the first scene is a panning low angle displaying the police officers hand stroking up the womans leg, emphasizing his sickening racist actions. In the second scene the camera angle is a close camera angle focusing on his remorseful worrying facial expression. The shot of the hand in the first scene could represent â€Å"a mans hand† where the shot of his face in the second scene presents him, and therefore suggests that although his racism and dark side of his human nature exsists the good side of his human nature is a representation of his true identity and we begin to question the reasons behind his actions. * These two scenes In the movie crash display to us that humans are extremely complex. A man can live a life full of sin but then commit a noble act just as a man can be a criminal but then save a life. * The concept of human complexities is hard to grasp, an individuals identity can determine why they act a certain way or do certain things. The cop in the film displayed racism due to the fact that a black woman would not help his sick father, but does this excuse particular values and behaviours? * Through the convention of camera angle Haggis has effectively positioned the viewer to feel both disgust and awe at the same man. We begin to question what drives humans to be so complex and we wonder whether it is ever possible for a man to be seen as completely innocent. * Instinctively human natures drives us to protect and stick to our own, just as we repel those who are seen as different. * This universal value embedded inside each and every human is represented by Paul Haggis in the film crash through utlising the narrative convention of symbolism. * Crash follows the story of a Hispanic locksmith and unconditional love of his.